Iranian water buffaloes are an important source of meat and dairy products, but they can also be carriers of Brucella, which is a zoonotic disease. In order to reduce the risk of spreading Brucella, it is necessary to monitor the health status of these animals regularly, implement vaccination programs, and develop strategies for controlling the disease. This article was authored by Maryam Dadar, Gamal Wareth ,and Heinrich Neubauer.